Led by Vanuatu and fellow Pacific island nations, the resolution passed with 141 votes in favour and 28 abstentions, including India and COP31 host Turkey. The resolution calls on all member states to take all possible steps to avoid causing significant climate damage, comply with their Paris Agreement pledges, and reduce fossil fuel consumption. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said those contributing least to climate change are "paying the largest price" for its effects.
The resolution does not create new treaty obligations, but it gives legal weight to the ICJ's non-binding 2025 advisory opinion and sets the stage for climate accountability claims, including potential loss and damage proceedings. The "International Register of Damage" that Vanuatu had originally sought was removed during negotiations.